Esta base de datos recoge las referencias de publicaciones editadas en Europa, de especial interés para la investigación en Ciencias Humanas y Sociales sobre América Latina. Cuando está disponible, incluye el resumen y el acceso al texto completo de los documentos.

Bibliografía - Tesis europeas

La Base de Datos REDIAL-TESIS recoge las referencias bibliográficas de casi 10 000 tesis doctorales de temática latinoamericana, leídas en universidades europeas desde 1980.

REDIAL-TESIS recoge en cada caso los siguientes elementos de información: autor, título, año de lectura, universidad donde se presentó, país al que pertenece la universidad y, en algunos casos, traducción del título al castellano. La base se actualiza una vez al año. Para obtener o consultar las tesis, debe dirigirse a la universidad de lectura o a la institución de REDIAL del país de dicha universidad.

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referencias  1 - 10 de 9907
Tesis Jonsson, Petter. Tres lecturas de las novelas de Mario Vargas Llosa : interpretación psicoanalítica de la producción novelesca de un autor. Ed. Lunds universitet. Språk- och litteraturcentrum. Spanska  : 2009 p. 436 978-91-978017-1-3
Tesis doctorales. Lunds universitet.  Språk- och litteraturcentrum. Spanska. 2009. Análisis literario, Crítica literaria psicoanalítica,
Siglo XX | Siglo XXI

Resumen

This doctoral thesis is a psychoanalytic interpretation of the novels of the Peruvian author Mario Vargas Llosa, and it explores these novels from three different perspectives, here called readings. The first perspective focuses on the literary techniques and the importance these may have for the interpretation of the content of the novels. This first reading includes a summary of the reception of the works and reveals many aspects that have not been discovered in earlier studies. The second reading is a Freudian interpretation of the novels. It explores to what extent these novels reproduces the Oedipus complex understood as a conflict between father and son, normally attributed to Freud. According to this reading it seems as if the author have been using the so called Freudian conception of the Oedipus complex as a literary technique, and it seems likely that he has done so deliberately. The implication of this strategy is explored in the third reading. In this reading the novels are interpreted from a Lacanian perspective, which means that the Oedipus complex is understood as the false interpretation that the subject has of his or her own history. The Lacanian interpretation reveals a subjacent structure that repeats itself in every novel. This structure has the following form: an initial paradise-like situation is disturbed by the arrival of an intruder, which functions as a latent representation of the father. The intruder’s death or expulsion is followed by a frustrated attempt of return to the lost paradise. What prevents a return to the initial situation is the representation of the mother’s betrayal. This structure reveals a whish to kill the father, as in the second reading, but it also reveals hate towards the mother that is being held responsible for the disgrace of her son. It is her betrayal that expels the son from paradise and makes his return impossible. This structure reveals a profound whish to not have been born. The last step of the Lacanian interpretation explores the relationship between the different contents of the novels, i.e. between the different readings. According to a psychoanalytic interpretation it seems as if the second reading constitutes a kind of defence which complicates a penetration of the profounder aspects of the novels. If the critics attribute aspects of the novel that are deliberate to the unconscious content of the novels it is plausible that they unconsciously serve as part of the author’s mechanisms of defence. If this is the case it seems as if the critics have followed the path marked by the author and that he controls them. Freud and Lacan separate between latent and manifest content but in the psychoanalytic interpretation of the novels of Vargas Llosa it is necessary to separate the manifest content in apparent and deliberate content. If not, it is likely that one falls in the trap that possibly has been construed by the author and explores the deliberate content of the novels as if it was part of the unconscious content. From this perspective even the apparent content constitutes an obstacle for the penetration in the deeper aspects of the works. Authors from the same generation as Vargas Llosa, such as Gabriel García Márquez, Carlos Fuentes and Julio Cortázar, uses different strategies to conceal one content beneath another, it is likely to think that Vargas Llosa uses a similar strategy and that he deliberately conceals what he understands as a Oedipal conflict in all of his novels. At the same time this strategy can be seen as an eloquent example of the lacanian conception of the Oedipal complex, that is as the misinterpretation of the own history. According to the Lacanian interpretation Vargas Llosa writes to not have to confront himself with the really painful aspects of his own life, and he uses the novels to create an almost impenetrable defence.
Perú

Tesis Goicolea, Isabel. Adolescent pregnancies in the Amazon basin of Ecuador : a rights and gender approach to girls' sexual and reproductive health.  / Los embarazos de adolecentes en la cuenca amazónica del Ecuador : una aproximación de derecho y género a los derechos sexuales y reproductivos de las niñas. Ed. Umeå University. Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology. Epidemiology and Global Health  : 2009 p. 85 978-91-7264-859-3
Tesis doctorales. Umeå universitet.  Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology. Epidemiology and Global Health. 2009. Embarazos de adolecentes, Maternidad de adolescentes, Salud reproductivo y sexual, Relaciones de género
Siglo XXI

Resumen

Adolescent pregnancy has been associated with adverse health and social outcomes, but it has also been favorably viewed as a pathway to adulthood. In Ecuador, where 20% of girls aged between 15-19 years get pregnant, the adolescent fertility rate has increased and inequalities between adolescent girls from different educational, socio-economic levels and geographical regions are prominent: 43% of illiterate adolescents become pregnant compared to 11% with secondary education. The highest adolescent fertility rates are found in the Amazon Basin. The overall aim of this study was to explore adolescent pregnancy in the Amazon Basin of Ecuador (Orellana province) from a rights and gender approach. Specific aims and methodologies included: to explore women‟s reproductive health situation, focusing on government‟s obligations, utilization of services, inequities and implementation challenges, assessed through a community-based cross-sectional survey and a policy analysis (Paper I); to examine risk factors associated with adolescent pregnancy, through a case-control study (Paper II); to explore experiences and emotions around pregnancy and motherhood among adolescent girls, using content analysis (Paper III); and to analyze providers‟ and policy makers‟ discourses on adolescent pregnancies (Paper IV). Reproductive health status findings for women in Orellana indicated a reality more dismal than that depicted in official national health data and policies. Inequities existed within the province, with rural indigenous women having reduced access to reproductive health services. In Orellana, 37.4% of girls aged 15-19 had experienced pregnancy, almost double the national average. Risk factors associated with adolescent pregnancy at the behavioral level included early sexual debut and non-use of contraception, and at the structural level poverty, having suffered from sexual abuse, and family disruption. Gender inequity played a key role through the machismo-marianismo system. Girls were raised to be fearful and ignorant regarding sexuality and reproduction, to be submissive and obedient, to be fatalistic, and to accept the established order of the male and adult dominance. Sexuality was conceptualized as negative, while motherhood was idealized. Those gender structures constrained girls‟ agency, making them less able to make choices regarding their sexual and reproductive lives. Providers‟ discourses and practices were also strongly influenced by gender structures. Adolescent sexuality was not sanctioned, girls‟ access to contraceptives still faced opposition, adolescent autonomy was regarded as dangerous, and pregnancy and reproductive health issues were conceptualized as girls‟ responsibility. However, mechanisms of resistance and challenge were also found both among adolescent girls and providers. Programs addressing adolescent pregnancies in the area need to look at the general situation of women‟s reproductive health and address the gaps regarding access and accountability. Adolescent pregnancy prevention programs should acknowledge the key role of structural factors and put emphasis on gender issues. Gender inequity affects many of the factors that influence adolescent pregnancies; sexual abuse, girls‟ limited access to use contraceptives, and girls‟ curtailed capability to decide regarding marriage or sexual intercourse, are strongly linked with young women‟s subordination. By challenging negative attitudes towards adolescents‟ sexuality, the encounter between providers and adolescents could become an opportunity for strengthening girls‟ reproductive and sexual agency.
Ecuador

Tesis Tornhill, Sofie. Capital visions : the politics of transnational production in Nicaragua.  / Las visiones del capital : las políticas de la producción transnacional en Nicaragua. Ed. Stockholm University. Department of Political Science  : 2010 p. 239 978-91-7447-052-9
Tesis doctorales. Stockholms universitet.  Department of Political Science. 2010. Producción transnacional, Neoliberalismo, Política de izquierda, Zonas de Libre Comercio, Relaciones laborales, Feminismo postcolonial, Teoría del discurso, Ciencias políticas
Siglo XXI

Resumen

In processes of economic integration, neoliberal discourse and corresponding notions of development comprise some of the most readily available imaginaries of political and social interaction and change. However, these processes are always also locally produced and negotiated. Engaging with discourse theory, Marxism and postcolonial feminist theory, this dissertation brings together “macro” and “micro” aspects of globalization. The aim is to interrogate discursive reinforcements of and challenges to global orders of production and divisions of labor. With a focus on representations of Free Trade Zones (FTZs), which are tax-exempted enclaves for export production, the study explores competing meanings attributed to the operation of transnational capital in Nicaragua. Based on policy documents, political speeches, promotional videotapes and interviews, the political rhetoric of two governments with competing agendas is analyzed: the neoliberal/conservative government of the Liberal Constitutionalist Party (2002–2007), which framed the FTZs in terms of national progress, and the leftist government of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (2007– ), which attempts to reconnect to the country’s revolutionary past. In this way efforts to formulate legitimate political agendas in the context of shifting relations between states and markets are detailed, together with constructions of citizens and workers along differentiations of class and gender. Relying on interviews with FTZ workers, the study examines ways to interpret, inhabit or resist imperative subject positions at the intersections of contending projects of nation-building and transnational orders of production, in conjunction with a discussion of the uneasy distinction between representation and appropriation that troubles transnational feminist research projects.
Nicaragua

Tesis Stein Heinemann, Alfredo. Urban poverty, social exclusion and social housing finance : the case of PRODEL in Nicaragua.  / La pobreza urbana, la exclusión social y la financiación de la vivienda social : el caso de PRODEL en Nicaragua. Ed. Housing Development & Management, Architecture & Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University  : 2010 p. 259 91-87866-36-6
Tesis doctorales. Lunds universitet.  Faculty of Engineering.Housing Development & Management, Architecture & Built Environment. 2010. Micorfinanzas, Pobreza urbana, Exclusión social, Financiación de vivienda social,
Siglo XXI

Resumen

The purpose of the thesis is to further understand key conceptual and operational challenges that international aid donors, and public and private institutions, face while designing and implementing alternative forms of social housing finance which aim to be inclusive for the urban poor. Based on an in-depth study of the work of the Foundation for the Promotion of Local Development (PRODEL) in three cities in Nicaragua during a period of 15 years, the thesis tries to answer three research questions: What are the constraints the urban poor face in financing the incremental way they build their individual housing and collective assets? Why does housing microfinance not always enhance inclusion of the urban poor? How does the tension between the goal of achieving financial sustainability and increasing financial inclusion affect the policy of international donors and governments, and the practice of local financial institutions? To answer these questions, the thesis adopts a realist approach as well as a critical case study method as used in disciplines such as political science and history to explain the trends and complexities of the phenomena investigated, and formulates an argument in the form of a proposition: if financial exclusion occurs in PRODEL it might also occur elsewhere. Qualitative and quantitative research techniques helped to assess the perceptions of stakeholders that participated in PRODEL’s small and repetitive housing improvement loans and in the co-financing mechanism for basic infrastructure components. The thesis shows significant improvements in the living conditions of the urban poor as result of PRODEL’s investments. Although income levels and external political and macroeconomic constraints are significant factors, understanding the different assets that the urban poor possess, has a critical effect on the ways individual households are included in micro-lending schemes. Interviewees considered that their poverty situation related more to the conditions prevailing in their neighbourhood and city than to their household income levels. Family breakdown; lack of education; insecurity; the lack of opportunities in the city; or a permanent sense of helplessness given the recurrent political and economic crises were more important than their monetary consumption levels. Increased self-esteem from being included in financial schemes that improved their homes and neighbourhood was equally important. Interviewees expressed that it was not the lack of income that pre-empted their participation in housing loan schemes, but the lack of reliable information; their fear of the unknown; and the lack of knowledge on how microfinance institutions operated. Additionally, the thesis shows that financial inclusion increases when accountable and transparent participatory methods of negotiation and co-financing mechanisms between urban poor communities and local governments to improve the provision of infrastructure and basic services are in place. Finally, the thesis offers new insights on how the concept of financial sustainability narrowed the approach and policy of international aid donors and governments, and the practice of financial institutions, when seeking financial inclusion. These findings shed light on the theoretical and practical limits of up-scaling housing improvement schemes as part of wider urban poverty reduction strategies in low-income countries such as Nicaragua.
Nicaragua

Tesis Somarriba-Chang, Matilde. Testing ecotourism principles in Nicaragua : the cases of the nature reserves Mombacho Volcano and Datanlí-El Diablo.  / Probando principios de ecoturismo en Nicaragua : el caso de las reservas naturales Volcán Mombacho y Datanlí-El Diablo. Ed. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Deptartment of Urban and Rural Development,   : 2010 p. 87 Tesis doctorales. Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv..  Department of Urban and Rural Development. 2010. Siglo XXI
Resumen

The purpose of this study is to determine if ecotourism principles are being applied in Nicaragua. The cases studied were the Nature Reserves Mombacho Volcano (NRMV) and Datanlí–El Diablo (NRDE). The research questions addressed were the following: 1. Are the tourism activities contributing to conserving the protected areas and their biodiversity? 2. Is ecotourism promoting awareness in visitors and local people? 3. Are the local communities benefiting from these activities and, if so, how relevant is their participation? Changes in plant cover, plant species, and medium and large-size mammals were studied along walking trails to determine if tourists had impacted richness, abundance and diversity of these parameters. Data relating to vegetation cover and composition were collected at sites along the trails and comparative pristine (undisturbed) locations in the NRMV in 2005 and 2007. For the large and medium-sized mammals a total of 48 censuses were carried out, 24 at each site. Two methods were used: fixed wide transects and the camera tracker trap technique. A method for determining the recreational carrying capacity (RCC) of hiking trails in protected areas was tested. To collect the social information individual structured and semi-structured interviews and focus groups were used. The objective of using different tools was to avoid bias by combining quantitative and qualitative interview techniques The results indicate that there is a significant reduction of vegetation cover along the trails, mostly in a band adjacent to the trails. For tree species richness there were no significant differences between the control and trail-sides, whereas for the understorey species there were significant differences between these comparisons. This indicates an ecological impact on the understorey species composition and richness due to trail use. In the case of large and medium-sized mammals only a pilot study was completed. It indicates that there are no statistically significant differences between hiking trails within a nature reserve. However, the ordination analyses indicate a difference in the species composition between hiking trails in the most visited reserve. The results of the Social Carrying Capacity (SCC) indicate that the main constraints for all trails were the spatial and accessibility limiting factors. In broad terms the RCC methodology is a tool for determination of the required physical conditions and management capacities for tourist management. This study demonstrates that the farmers in the two nature reserve communities are engaged in the protection of the reserves because they are aware of environmental concerns and recognize that their own welfare can be affected.
Nicaragua

Tesis Sebro, Louise. Mellem afrikaner og kreol : etnisk identitet og social navigation i Dansk Vestindien 1730-1770.  / Entre africanos e creoles : la identidad etnica y navegación social en el Caribe danés 1730-1770. Ed. Lunds universitet. Historiska institutionen  : 2010 p. 234 978-91-628-7995-2
Tesis doctorales. Lunds universitet.  Historiska institutionen. 2010. Afro-americanos, Indias Occidentales Danesas, Formación de la identidad afro-caribe, Criollización, Colonialismo, Esclavitud
Época colonial | Siglo XVIII

Resumen

The central question of the dissertation is whether and how African Caribbeans in the Danish West Indies identified themselves with African ethnic groups. The dissertation discusses if and how such identifications played a role in the social life of African Caribbeans and influenced how new social networks developed in the colony. The dissertation is shaped as a micro study focusing on members of the Moravian congregation. It is divided in five chapters. The first chapter argues that African ethnic designations reflect African Caribbeans' own ideas of belonging to ethnically defined groups referring to Africa. At the same time, however, it is shown how the meaning of such designations were influenced and creolized by the trans-Atlantic journey and the realities of life in the slave society. The second chapter investigates the connections between the identification by African Caribbeans with African ethnic terms and cultural traits, and the formation of social networks in the Danish West Indies through a discussion of four themes: African languages, constructed kinship relations, African religious life, and the St. John slave revolt of 1733-34. The main contribution of the chapter is to suggest new interpretations of African Caribbean cultural life and the dynamics of social networking as a consequence of the conclusions of chapter one. The third chapter situates the conclusions about the importance of African ethnic identities and network relations in a wider context of group formation in the Danish West Indian society. The chapter focuses on the plantation and the Moravian congregation as important social networks. By relating these to the existence of networks based on ethnic belonging it is suggested that individuals' and groups' participation in different networks at the same time led to an interweaving of the different networks, and subsequently to their influencing each other. Thus, it is concluded that African ethnic identity formation among African Caribbeans was a fluid, inclusive process in which ethnic designation and networks were mobilized together with Creole networks and institutions. The fourth chapter focuses on how enslaved Africans in the Danish West Indies managed to sustain a spiritual and metaphysical bond to lost kin and a lost homeland. By analyzing ideas about death and spirituality and their practical use and importance in the Caribbean context it is concluded that African belief systems and practices could be used to both sustain ties backwards and also as a way to handle creolization in its early phases. The dissertation ends with a short chapter based on an analysis of the way one woman, Madlena of Popo, named herself differently in different contexts in her Danish West Indian life. Her story symbolizes the conclusion of the dissertation: that most African Caribbeans were neither African nor Creole, but somewhere in between.
Islas Vírgenes de los Estados Unidos

Tesis Rööst, Mattias. Pre-hospital Barriers to Emergency Obstetric Care : Studies of Maternal Mortality and Near-miss in Bolivia and Guatemala.  / Barreras pre-hospitalarias para la atención obstétrica de emergencia : Estudios de mortalidad materna y morbilidad obstétrica severa en Bolivia y Guatemala. Ed. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis  : 2010 p. 74 978-91-554-7709-7
Tesis doctorales. Uppsala universitet.  Faculty of Medicine. 2010. Barreras pre-hospitalarias, Mortalidad materna, Morbilidad obstétrica severa, Parteras tradicionales, Marginalización social
Siglo XXI

Resumen

La mortalidad materna es un tema de inquietud global, sin embargo la comprensión de las desigualdades en la utilización de los servicios de salud materna es limitada. La morbilidad obstétrica severa (near-miss) está recibiendo creciente atención, producto de problemas metodológicos en los estudios de mortalidad materna. El objetivo de la presente tesis es aumentar la comprensión de factores que impiden la utilización de la atención obstétrica de emergencia en Bolivia y Guatemala. Los estudios I y IV usaron metodologías cualitativas en un esfuerzo por explorar el rol de las parteras tradicionales y las estrategias de las mujeres que arriban a los hospitales con una morbilidad obstétrica severa. Los estudios II–III documentaron la mortalidad materna y la morbilidad obstétrica severa en el marco hospitalario e investigaron el impacto de los factores socio-demográficos y el control prenatal en la llegada a los establecimientos de salud con complicaciones severas. Los estudios identificaron la falta de familiaridad con atención obstétrica de emergencia entre las parteras tradicionales y la falta de cooperación con los profesionales de salud formales. La sensación de estar distanciadas del sistema de salud y la desconfianza hacia los profesionales de la salud eran aspectos comunes entre las mujeres de sectores marginales con experiencias de complicaciones severas. En el contexto boliviano, 187 muertes maternas por cada 100,000 nacidos vivos y 50 casos de morbilidad obstétrica severa por cada 1000 fueron registradas. Las causas de la morbilidad obstétrica severa y las muertes maternas se distinguieron. La major parte de las mujeres con morbilidad obstétrica severa llegaron al hospital en condiciones críticas: preeclampsia severa, complicaciones después de partos domiciliarios y abortos eran causas más frecuentes en esta categoría. Combinaciones del bajo nivel de educación con la falta de controles prenatales o la residencia en zonas rurales fueron asociadas con la morbilidad obstétrica severa. El control prenatal redujo diferencias socio-demográficas en lo concerniente a la morbilidad obstétrica severa. La complementación de estudios de mortalidad materna con datos sobre morbilidad obstétrica severa aumenta la comprensión de las prioridades y de la calidad en la atención de la salud materna. Además, centrándose en la morbilidad obstétrica severa a la llegada al establicimiento de salud, ha sido útil para investigar las barreras pre-hospitalarias en relación a la atención de emergencia obstétrica. Los resultados permiten identificar categorías específicas de mujeres que parecen ser especialmente vulnerables a las barreras pre-hospitalarias. Los resultados, también subrayan la necesidad de iniciativas que reduzcan los efectos de la marginalización social, y que reconozcan el importante rol que tanto el personal de salud formal como informal cumplen en la utilización de los servicios de atención obstétrica de emergencia.
Bolivia | Guatemala

Tesis Coe, Anna-Britt. How social movements influence policies : advocacy, framing, emotions and outcomes among reproductive rights coalitions in Peru.  / La influencia de los movimientos sociales sobre la política : advocacy, framing, emociones y resultados entre las coaliciones de derechos reproductivos en Perú. Ed. Umeå universitet. Sociologiska institutionen  : 2010 p. 92 Tesis doctorales. Umeå universitet.  Sociologiska institutionen. 2010. Advocacy, Emociones, Framing, Resultados, Políticas, Derechos reproductivos, Movimientos sociales
Siglo XXI

Resumen

With its origins in the early 1990s, feminist advocacy directed at influencing public policies is a relatively new phenomenon in Latin America that is commonly studied at the national level. The aim of this thesis was to study feminist advocacy on reproductive rights at the sub-national level in Peru. Specifically, it explored two research questions: how do feminist movements carry out advocacy to intervene with government agencies and what effects does their advocacy have on policies. This aim ties in with the body of literature that seeks to explain how and what outcomes are produced by social movements. Grounded Theory was used to collect and analyze empirical materials on two reproductive rights coalitions and their members in Arequipa and Cusco, Peru. Empirical materials consisted of focus group discussions, individual interviews and participant observation. Data analysis resulted in two core categories: Coalition-Government Interactions and Policy Outcomes. Linked to the core categories are thirteen categories, which constitute factors that the reproductive rights coalitions “deal with” or “strategize about” in order to interact with government officials and attain policy outcomes. The coalitions maneuver those factors they have immediate control over - tactics, organization, framing and emotions - as a means to deal with those factors they do not have immediate control over - relationships with other policy actors as well as political, cultural and social contexts. The findings help refine existing theories on how and what outcomes are attained by social movements. The coalitions and their members influence policies through various channels by developing an array of interactions with government officials. This allows the coalitions to handle potential constraints on their ability to be a critical voice. Political, cultural and social contexts are not the only external factors affecting the coalitions’ influence on policies. Another key external factor is their relationships with other policy actors comprised of a range of organized political and social groups. Concerning internal factors, the coalitions and their members rely on framing activities and emotion work in addition to organization and tactics. Indeed, the coalitions and their members engage in framing activities and emotion work by means of their relationships with other policy actors to influence policies. Finally, the coalitions perceive effects of their advocacy including, but not limited to, the modification of laws and policies. Instead, outcomes were identified along different stages of the policy process, including the impact of coalition frames on policy positions.
Perú

Tesis Valenzuela Grueso, Pedro Enrique. Neutrality in Internal Armed Conflicts : experiences at the Grassroots Level in Colombia.  / La neutralidad en conflictos armados internos : experiencias al nivel de las bases en Colombia. Ed. Uppsala University. Department of Peace and Conflict Research  : 2009 p. 149 978-91-506-2111-2
Tesis doctorales. Uppsala universitet.  Department of Peace and Conflict Research. 2009. Neutralidad, Conflictos armados internos, Comunidades de paz
Siglo XXI

Resumen

Civilians in situations of armed conflict are not exclusively victims or fence-sitters, but engage in a wide array of strategies along the spectrum from passivity to activity. Nevertheless, the privileged focus on eliteled processes has neglected peacebuilding efforts at the grassroots level, despite their increased saliency in internal armed conflicts and their potential impact on their regulation and/or transformation. Recent developments have brought to fore a particularly interesting option: the collective decision by communities to withdraw from the dynamics of war by refusing to cooperate with the warring parties, in effect declaring their neutrality in the conflict. The issue is particularly intriguing, considering that, in contrast to its long-standing and developed status in international conflicts, neutrality in internal armed conflicts lacks legal recognition. Thus, as a strategy for the protection of civilians in internal armed conflicts, the policy of neutrality confronts seemingly insurmountable obstacles. This study compares the fate of three communities that have declared their neutrality in the Colombian conflict: the Peace Community of San José de Apartadó, the Cacarica Communities, and the Lower Atrato Communities. Contrary to theoretical expectations derived from previous research, the study shows that the pattern of violence against the neutral communities does not divert significantly from the pattern of violence exercised against the rest of civilians. It also shows that the different neutral communities exhibit varying degrees of success and failure in terms of the warring actors’ respect for their policy of neutrality. The study calls for a revision of factors deemed to have high explanatory power, and rescues the importance of the dynamics of the military confrontation and the changing patterns of control at the local level as offering a more accurate explanation.
Colombia

Tesis Kristiansson, Charlotte. Access to health care for children in Amazonian Peru : focus on antibiotic use and resistance.  / El acceso a los servicios de salud para niños en la Amazonía peruana : enfoque en el uso de los antibióticos y la resistencia. Ed. Karolinska institutet. Department of Public Health Sciences  : 2009 p. 60 Tesis doctorales. Karolinska institutet.  Department of Public Health Sciences. 2009. Cuenca Amazónica
Siglo XXI
Resumen

Background: Infectious diseases remain a big problem in low and middle income countries (LMIC). Problems of access to adequate health care (including antibiotics) prevail despite the availability of many elaborate interventions. Antibiotic resistance further endangers access to effective infectious illness management. The Peruvian state insurance SIS, had formally granted full access to health care and antibiotics for children living within the study areas. Main objective: To assess health-seeking behaviour, antibiotic use and socioeconomic status for children aged 6 – 72 months in two communities of the Amazonian area of Peru. In addition, to study associations between antibiotic use and socioeconomic factors related to antibiotic resistance among the same study population. Methods: Two cross-sectional surveys of caregivers were carried out in the two urban Amazonian communities, Moyobamba and Yurimaguas, in 2002. A similar cross-sectional survey was carried out later in 2005, in Moyobamba only. Caregivers were interviewed on health care seeking strategies and medication for their children in relation to reported symptoms and socioeconomic status using a structured questionnaire. Self-reported symptoms were classified into illnesses based on the IMCI algorithm (Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses). Wealth index was generated by Principal Component Analysis using household assets and characteristics and was used as a proxy for economic status. Faecal samples were collected from the children and the antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli was analysed by a rapid resistance screening method. Results: Many caregivers consulted health professionals for their children’s illnesses, (Yurimaguas 42% and Moyobamba 30%) in year 2002 but the poorest caregivers consulted health professionals less frequently (33%) than the least poor (71%) for severe illnesses such as pneumonia (I). In Moyobamba the number of caregivers that consulted health professionals (medical doctors, nurses or health echnicians) decreased from 91% in 2002 to 74% in 2005 (p
Perú

referencias  1 - 10 de 9907
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